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British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
[GB751]
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British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
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Group of ten: British Empire Medal, 1914-15 Star, British War Medal 1914-1920, Inter-Allied Victory Medal 1914-1919, 1939-1945 Star, Atlantic Star 1939-1945, Burma Star 1941-1945 with ‘Pacific’ bar, Defence Medal 1939-1945, War Medal 1939-1945, Forwarding Slip, two ‘Mentioned in Despatches’ bronze oak leaves with copy Award Certificate and original Forwarding Slip, Royal Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal George V 1931-1936 issue and supporting Admiralty Roll and London Gazette documents. ***British Empire Medal. Circular silver medal with claw, oak leaf and ribbon bar suspension; the face with the seated figure of Britannia, a trident in her right hand, her left hand resting on a shield decorated with the union flag, a radiant sun above right, circumscribed ‘FOR GOD AND THE EMPIRE’, inscribed below ‘FOR / MERITORIOUS / SERVICE’; the reverse with the crowned ‘GRI’ cipher of King and Emperor George VI, two lions passant guardant around the edge to either side, inscribed below ‘INSTITUTED BY / KING GEORGE V’; attributed on the edge to ‘C.P.O. RICHARD E. CHAMBERS. P/J. 33143’; on original post-1937 military ribbon with brooch bar mounted for wear. The Medal was instituted in December 1922 and its formal title is the ‘Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Meritorious Service’. It was awarded to both civilians and military for meritorious service, the awards being distinguished by their differing ribbons. This example was awarded to Chief Petty Officer Chambers in the New Year’s Honours List, Gazetted on 1 January 1942, for his work with the R.N.V.R. at H.M.S. King Alfred, Hove, Sussex at the beginning of World War II. ***1914-15 Star. Four-pointed faceted gilt bronze star with crown and loop suspension; the face with crossed swords and a circular oak wreath imposed, a ribbon centrally bearing the dates ‘1914-15’, the royal cipher ‘GV’ (for King George V) below; the reverse plain, with the attribution ‘J. 33143, / R. E. CHAMBERS, / BOY.1., R.N.’. The Star was instituted in 1918 and awarded to those who had served in any theatre of war between 5 August 1914 and 31 December 1915 but had not already been awarded the 1914 Star. ***British War Medal 1914-1920. Circular silver medal with claw and ribbon bar suspension; the face with the head of King George V facing left, circumscribed ‘GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND : IMP:’ (George V King of Great Britain and Emperor of India), signed ‘BM’ (for Sir Bertram Mackennal, 1863-1931) on the base of the neck; the reverse with St. George on horseback, reins in his left hand, a sword in his right, trampling a shield bearing an eagle with wings outstretched and a skull and crossbones, wavy lines denoting the sea beyond, a radiant rising sun upper right, dated ‘1914’ and ‘1918’ upper left and right respectively, signed ‘W McM’ (for William McMillan, 1887-1977 who also designed the British Inter-Allied Victory Medal); attributed on the edge to ‘J 33142 R. E. CHAMBERS. A.B. R.N.’; a small edge bruise to the lower left of the reverse. The medal was instituted in 1919 and awarded to members of the British and Imperial forces who had served between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. Officers and men of the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and Dominion and Colonial naval forces were required to have completed 28 days mobilised service, though this was waived if active service had been terminated by death. The award criteria were subsequently extended to include post-war mine-clearing at sea and service in operations in Russia in 1919-20. ***Inter-Allied Victory Medal, Great Britain and British Empire issue, 1914-1919. Circular gilt bronze medal on laterally pierced cylinder suspension; the face with a winged figure of Victory, signed ‘W McM’ (for William McMillan, 1887-1977); the reverse inscribed ‘THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATION 1914-1919’ within a circular laurel wreath; attributed on the edge to ‘‘J. 33142 R. E. CHAMBERS. A.B. R.N.’; a small edge bruise and a small edge knick at the base. The idea of an inter-allied medal to commemorate victory in what was termed ‘The Great War for Civilisation’ is credited to the French Field-Marshal Foch. It was agreed that each of the Allies should issue a medal to their nationals featuring a figure representing ‘Victory’ on the front and have a symmetric double rainbow ribbon with red, the colour of courage and sacrifice at the centre, representing the colours of the allies flags and presenting an allegory of calm after storm. The British medal was instituted on 1 September 1919 to be awarded to all those who served in a theatre of operations between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. It was awarded also to all British Empire military, except those of South Africa, whose government issued their own variant. Additionally, it was awarded to those British servicemen active in the Hejaz and Aden after the end of the European war, for post-war mine clearance operations and for the Royal Navy mission to Russia, hence the latter date of 1919. ***1939-1945 Star. Bronze six-pointed faceted star with lateral loop for ribbon suspension; the face with the crowned cipher of King and Emperor George VI centrally within a stippled ring inscribed ‘THE 1939 - 1945 STAR’; the reverse plain. The Star was instituted in 1945 to be awarded for operational service between the declaration of war (3 September 1939) and V.J. Day (2 September 1945). Army personnel were required to complete six months’ service in an operational command. Airborne troops qualified if they had participated in any airborne operation and had completed two months’ service in a fully operational unit. Naval personnel were required to completed six months’ service and at least one voyage in an operational area. Air Force personnel were required to participate in operations against the enemy and to complete two months’ service in an operational unit. Non-aircrew personnel were required to complete six months’ service in an area of operational army command. For Royal Observer Corps personnel, the requirement was 1,080 days’ service. The Star was awarded immediately if service was terminated by death, disability or wounding. The award of a gallantry medal or of a Mention in Despatches led to immediate qualification for the Star. *** Atlantic Star, 1939-1945. Bronze six-pointed faceted star with lateral loop for ribbon suspension; the face with the crowned cipher of King and Emperor George VI centrally within a stippled ring inscribed ‘THE ATLANTIC STAR’; the reverse plain. The Star was instituted in 1945 and intended primarily for those who served in Atlantic and North Russian convoys and their escorts and for the anti U-boat campaign. It was awarded for operational service in Home Waters and the Atlantic between the declaration of war (3 September 1939) and V.E. Day (8 May 1945). Candidates must first have qualified for the 1939-1945 Star, for which Naval personnel were required to completed six months’ service and at least one voyage in an operational area and Air Force personnel to participate in operations against the enemy and to complete two months’ service in an operational unit. For Royal Navy and Army personnel, the Atlantic Star required 180 days’ additional service in Home Waters or the Atlantic and for RAF air crew, an additional 60 days’ service in a operational unit active against the enemy at sea. The Star was awarded immediately if service was terminated by death, disability or wounding. Anyone qualifying for the Atlantic, France and Germany and/or Air Crew Europe Stars would be awarded only one - the first-earned. ***Burma Star, 1941-1945 with ‘Pacific’ clasp. Bronze six-pointed faceted star with lateral loop for ribbon suspension; the face with the crowned cipher of King and Emperor George VI centrally within a stippled ring inscribed ‘THE BURMA STAR’; the reverse plain; with loose ‘PACIFIC’ clasp. The Star was instituted in May 1945 to be awarded for operational service between 11 December 1941 and V.J. Day (2 September 1945) on land in Burma, also in Bengal and Assam (1 May 1942 to 31 December 1943), in Bengal and Assam east of the Brahmaputra River (after 1 January 1944) and in Malaya and Sumatra (after 1 November 1943); at sea in the Bay of Bengal enclosed by a line running south for 300 miles from the southern-most tip of Ceylon, then to a point 300 miles west of the southern-most tip of Sumatra and continuing east to the western side of Sundai Strait, and including the Malacca Strait; in the air for active operations in the above area. Anyone qualifying for both the Burma and Pacific Stars would be awarded only one - the first-earned – but would have a clasp denoting entitlement to the other. The qualifying maritime areas for the Pacific Star were the Pacific Ocean, including the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean east of a line running due south from Singapore round the south-east coast of Sumatra, through Christmas Island, and southwards along the meridian of 110 degrees east. The Star was also awarded for operational service during conflict in those territories where there had been invasions; these included Hong Kong, Malaya, Nauru, Ocean Island, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Borneo, Sarawak, Celebes, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Molucca Islands, the Solomon Islands, Sumatra, Timor, Java and New Guinea but not Burma. The Star was awarded immediately if service was terminated by death, disability or wounding. ***Defence Medal, 1939-1945. Circular cupro-nickel medal with claw and ribbon bar suspension; the face with the head of King George VI facing left, circumscribed ‘GEORGIVS VI D : G : BR. OMN : REX F : D ; IND : IMP. (George VI by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India), signed ‘HP’; the reverse with a crowned oak sapling with lion supporters, wavy lines representing the sea below, dated ‘1939’ and ‘1945’ upper left and upper right respectively, inscribed below ‘THE DEFENCE MEDAL’. The medal was instituted in May 1945 to recognise non-operational service from the outbreak of war (3 September 1939) to V.E. Day (8 May 1945) in Europe and to V.J. Day (2 September 1945) overseas. The qualifying service periods were 180 days in overseas areas subject to air attack or other close enemy threat, 360 days in other overseas areas and 1,080 days in the U.K.. For mine and bomb disposal personnel overseas, the qualification period was 90 days. A number of special awards, such as those to the Malta Home Guard and to recipients of a Commendation for Brave Conduct or for Valuable Service in the Air, were also made. ***War Medal, 1939-1945. Circular cupro-nickel medal with claw and ribbon bar suspension; the face with the crowned head of King George VI facing left, circumscribed ‘GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX ET INDIAE IMP:(George VI by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, Emperor of India), signed ‘PM’; the reverse with a triumphant lion standing on a prostrate dragon, dated ‘1939 1945’ above right, signed ‘E.C.R.P.’. The medal was instituted in 1945 and was awarded to all full-time members of the armed forces who had served at least 28 days between the outbreak of war (3 September 1939) and V.J. Day (2 September 1945). ***Two ‘Mentioned in Despatches’ bronze oak leaves, one now lacking the pin to the reverse, with copy Award Certificate and original Forwarding Slip. ***Royal Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal George V 1931-1936 issue. Circular silver medal with claw and fixed ribbon bar suspension; the face with the ‘coinage’ head of King George V facing left, circumscribed ‘GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:’ (George V King of Great Britain and Emperor of India), signed ‘BM’ (for Sir Bertram Mackennal, 1863-1931) on the base of the neck; the reverse with a three-masted man-of-war within a circular rope, a reef knot at the base, circumscribed ‘FOR LONG SERVICE AND GOOD CONDUCT’, attributed on the edge to ‘J. 33143 R.E CHAMBERS. P.O. H.M.S. HOOD’. The medal was instituted on 24 August 1831 to be awarded for 21 years’ exemplary conduct. The design of the medal was changed in 1848 to that seen in this example. The requirement for award was reduced to 10 years in 1874 but increased by the time of this award to 15 years. This example is from the period 1931-1936 (prior to this, King George V was seen in Admiral’s uniform). This example was awarded to Petty Officer Chambers in May 1932 (Admiralty Roll confirms). ***Richard Ernest Chambers was born at Brighton, Sussex on 23 March 1899. He joined the Royal Navy at Portsmouth at a young age and subsequently served in World War I on H.M.S. Caledon, a C-class light cruiser launched in November 1916. He was awarded the 1914-15 Star, British War Medal 1914-1920 and Inter-Allied Victory Medal (Admiralty Roll confirms). He later served on H.M.S. Suffolk, a County-class heavy cruiser and the Admiral-class battlecruiser H.M.S. Hood, on which he was serving when awarded his Royal Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in May 1932 (Admiralty Roll confirms). He retired from the Royal Navy in January 1939 and joined the Royal Naval Reserve but was recalled to service shortly after the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 at H.M.S. King Alfred, Hove and was awarded the British Empire Medal in the New Year’s Honours List, Gazetted on 1 January 1942 (Admiralty Roll confirms) for his work during this time. He then joined the Illustrious-class aircraft carrier H.M.S. Formidable, serving in support of the North Africa landings in November 1942, the Sicily landings in July 1943 and the Salerno landings in September 1943 before deploying to the Arctic in October 1943 and subsequently attacking the Tirpitz in 1944. In April 1945, Formidable joined the British Pacific Fleet and suffered a number of Kamikaze attacks, during one of which Chief Petty Officer Chambers escaped death by inches. His bravery, calmness and leadership under these attacks earned him a Mention in Despatches, Gazetted on 14 June 1945 (Supplement to the London Gazette confirms). He finally left the Royal Navy in 1946 and lived in Brighton until his death in March 1974. The Great War Medals and the Royal Naval Long Service and Good Conduct Medal are bar-mounted on original ribbons with pin for wear as they would have been on Chambers’ retirement from the Royal Navy in January 1939; the other medals are unmounted and on their original ribbons. Sold with copies of the relevant Admiralty Rolls, the Supplement to the London Gazette of 14 June 1945 and the Mentioned in Despatch award certificate and the original forwarding slip and World War II medals forwarding slip.

 
British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
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British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
Click to enlarge
British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
Click to enlarge
British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
Click to enlarge
British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
Click to enlarge
British Empire Medal, Great War and World War II Group of Ten awarded to Chief Petty Officer Richard Ernest Chambers B.E.M., mentioned in despatches for his bravery whilst under Kamikaze attack on H.M.S. Formidable in May 1945
Click to enlarge
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